www.crystalgraphics.com CrystalGraphics
Home > Templates > Steam Category
search icon
advanced icon

245 Best Steam-Themed Templates for PowerPoint and Google Slides

CrystalGraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. Below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 245 best steam templates for PowerPoint and Google Slides. The text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. The steam-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your steam-related topics and it is included with that template. In addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. And every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, CrystalGraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for PowerPoint and Google Slides. So, take your time and look around. You’ll like what you see! Whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. Thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, CrystalGraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. Just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. They love our products. We think you will, too!

Features & Pricing

Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

Presentation with steam - Amazing theme having fresh delicious home cooked food with steam on wood deck backdrop and a coral colored foreground

Fresh Delicious Home Cooked Food

Theme having fresh delicious home cooked food with steam on wood deck backdrop

Presentation with steam - Presentation theme featuring healthy food in steamer steam cooker with potato and pumpkin background and a sky blue colored foreground

Healthy Food Steamer Steam Cooker

The moment you've been waiting for has finally arrived to unleash your creativity and bring your vision to life with the Sidebar Title template from CrystalGraphics. This stunning widescreen design is the perfect starting point for any presentation that requires a touch of elegance and sophistication. This template features a powder blue color palette, carefully crafted to evoke feelings of serenity and refinement. The high resolution images on the background will transport you to a world of luxury, where healthy food meets gourmet delights. From steamer cooked meals to steam cooker creations, this design is sure to inspire your audience's senses. The Sidebar Title template is designed with four How To slides at the start of the deck to help you get up and running quickly. These slides will guide your viewers through the process of preparing a delicious meal, from selecting the freshest ingredients to cooking techniques. The Content with Caption Layout slide will feature a beautifully styled image of a steamer basket overflowing with colorful vegetables, accompanied by a caption that reads "Get started on your culinary journey". This template is not just for presentations it's also perfect for creating engaging social media content, such as Instagram stories or Facebook posts. Featuring a stunning background image and having a theme of healthy eating, this design will make you stand out from the crowd. Including a Background With a subtle texture that adds depth to your visuals, Having a Theme of gourmet cuisine, Enhanced With a touch of modern simplicity, this template is sure to impress. Whether you're a professional chef or just starting out in the culinary world, this Sidebar Title template is the perfect companion for any presentation or social media post.

Presentation with steam - Amazing PPT theme having natural-steam-rising-from-volcanic backdrop and a light blue colored foreground

Natural Steam Rising Volcanic Vents

PPT theme having natural steam rising from volcanic vents in the earth at hverir in iceland near myvatn lake backdrop

Presentation with steam - Audience pleasing presentation design consisting of fresh delicious home cooked food with steam on wood deck backdrop and a coral colored foreground

Fresh Delicious Home Cooked Food

The moment you've been waiting for has finally arrived to unleash your creativity and bring your vision to life with the Wide Title template from CrystalGraphics. This stunning Widescreen template is designed to transport you to a world of fresh delicious home cooked food with steam on wood deck, where every detail is carefully crafted to evoke a sense of warmth and comfort. The Saddle Brown color palette is the perfect backdrop for this culinary theme, featuring high resolution images that will make your presentation pop. The template's Widescreen format ensures that you can showcase your content in all its glory, from the appetizing chicken soup to the satisfying spaghetti dish. With a focus on showcasing your creativity and expertise, this template is sure to impress. The Wide Title itself is a masterclass in design, featuring a bold and eye catching font that sets the tone for your presentation. The theme of the template is clear it's all about highlighting the best of home cooked food, from salads to soups, and even spaghetti. And with its enhanced background feature, you can include a beautiful image of a wood deck or a steaming hot pot, adding an extra layer of depth and visual interest. The SWOT Analysis Layout slide is a great place to start your presentation, providing a clear overview of the key elements that make up your theme. Featuring a simple yet effective design, this layout allows you to quickly scan through the different sections and get a sense of what's at stake. Having a theme of showcasing your expertise in home cooked food, this slide is sure to be a hit with your audience. The template is also downloadable and compatible with Google Slides, making it easy to share and collaborate on presentations. With its high resolution images and Saddle Brown color palette,

Presentation with steam - PPT theme with steam on rustic wooden background background and a wine colored foreground

Cup Espresso Coffee Beans Bag,

PPT theme with cup of espresso with coffee beans bag scoop and steam on rustic wooden background

Presentation with steam - Slide deck enhanced with fresh delicious home cooked food with steam on wood deck background and a coral colored foreground

Fresh Delicious Home Cooked Food

Imagine stepping out onto a warm wood deck on a sunny afternoon, surrounded by the sights and smells of freshly cooked chicken soup wafting from the kitchen, accompanied by the sound of sizzling spaghetti on the grill. The vibrant colors of the Peru color palette will transport you to a cozy Italian inspired home, where every meal is a celebration of flavors and textures. The Wide Title design is perfect for showcasing your brand's personality and style, with its bold and eye catching font that reads "Fresh Delicious Home Cooked Food". This template format is ideal for widescreen presentations, making it easy to display high resolution images in the background. The Peru color palette features warm earthy tones such as terracotta, sienna, and golden brown, which will enhance the rustic charm of your presentation. The template includes four How To slides at the start of the deck to help you get up and running quickly, but don't worry, we won't reveal their secrets just yet. These slides are designed to be easy to use and navigate, with clear instructions and helpful tips to ensure a smooth learning curve. The Pictures + Captions Layout slide is particularly useful for showcasing your images and captions in a visually appealing way. This template is not only visually stunning but also downloadable and compatible with Google Slides, making it easy to share with others or use as a starting point for your own project. With its enhanced theme of home cooking and Italian inspired cuisine, this template is sure to inspire your audience and leave them feeling hungry for more.

Presentation with steam - Audience pleasing slide deck consisting of cup of espresso with coffee beans bag scoop and steam on rustic wooden background backdrop and a tawny brown colored foreground

Cup Espresso Coffee Beans Bag,

Slide deck consisting of cup of espresso with coffee beans bag scoop and steam on rustic wooden background

Presentation with steam - Amazing PPT theme having cup of espresso with coffee beans bag scoop and steam on rustic wooden background backdrop and a coral colored foreground

Cup Espresso Coffee Beans Bag,

PPT theme having cup of espresso with coffee beans bag scoop and steam on rustic wooden background backdrop

Presentation with steam - Colorful presentation theme enhanced with the narrow gauge railway backdrop and a tawny brown colored foreground

Old Styled Steam Engine Riding

Presentation theme enhanced with old styled steam engine riding by the narrow gauge railway

Presentation with steam - Presentation theme featuring china laundry - young housewife using the steam background and a lemonade colored foreground

Young Housewife Using Steam Iron

The world of design can be a vast and wondrous place, full of endless possibilities and opportunities to make a lasting impression. In this template, we're about to unleash a fresh and vibrant look that's sure to put a smile on your face. Imagine yourself in the midst of a bright and airy room, surrounded by warm tones and inviting textures that's what you get with our new "Mature Warmth" template. This stunning design features a rich wheat color palette that will transport you to a world of comfort and elegance. The high resolution images throughout this template ensure that every detail is meticulously crafted, from the soft fabrics to the cheerful accessories. Whether you're looking to add some personality to your home decor or create a professional looking presentation, our template is sure to deliver. The "Mature Warmth" template boasts an 8 Picture Grid Layout slide, where you can feature a beautiful image of a young woman using her steam iron for a stylish suit jacket just like the scene that inspired this design. Take your audience on a journey through everyday life, showcasing how this simple action can be elevated to something truly special. The grid layout also allows you to Include a Background With, featuring high resolution images from around the world, or Enhance With, adding custom graphics and animations to give your presentation an extra touch of personality. Whether you're looking to create a timeless design or add some modern flair, our "Mature Warmth" template is sure to delight. The 4 How To slides at the start of the deck will get you up and running quickly, so you can focus on putting your new look to use. And with its compatible format for Google Slides, you'll be able to share it effortlessly with others.

Presentation with steam - Audience pleasing slide deck consisting of healthy food in steamer steam cooker with potatoes carrots and brussels sprouts backdrop and a gold colored foreground

Healthy Food Steamer Steam Cooker

In the realm of culinary delights, where healthy food is the star of the show, and steamer cooked wonders await your taste buds, we present to you Sidebar Title, a stunning PowerPoint template that will elevate your presentation to new heights. This breathtakingly beautiful design features a warm and inviting Sandy Brown color palette, perfect for showcasing your gourmet creations. The template's Widescreen format is ideal for showcasing high resolution images of steamer cooked delights, such as the vibrant colors of fresh vegetables or the satisfying crunch of roasted potatoes. The Sandy Brown background provides a natural and earthy backdrop that complements the rich tones of the images. Sidebar Title is more than just a template it's an enhanced tool to help you prepare your presentation with ease. Featuring 60+ Layouts slide, this template includes everything you need to create stunning slides that will leave your audience in awe. Including a Background With Sandy Brown color palette and Having a Theme of showcasing healthy food, Sidebar Title is the perfect choice for anyone looking to elevate their presentation. With its seamless integration with Google Slides, you can easily download and use Sidebar Title on your favorite device. Whether you're preparing for a cooking competition or simply want to showcase your culinary skills, this template is sure to impress.

Presentation with steam - Beautiful PPT layouts featuring healthy food in steamer steam cooker with various vegetables backdrop and a cool aqua colored foreground

Healthy Food Steamer Steam Cooker

The moment you've been waiting for has finally arrived to unleash your creativity and bring your vision to life with the Sidebar Title template from CrystalGraphics. This stunning widescreen design is the perfect starting point for any presentation that requires a touch of elegance and sophistication. With its dark orange color palette, this template is sure to make a statement in any room. The high resolution images featured throughout the template will transport you to a world of healthy food, steamer, steam cooker, and various vegetables a feast for the eyes and a treat for the taste buds. The theme of this template is centered around gourmet cuisine, pairing perfectly with the red accents that add a pop of color to each slide. The Sidebar Title template is designed to be downloadable and compatible with Google Slides, making it easy to import into your favorite presentation software. With its sleek design and high quality images, you'll be able to create presentations that are both visually stunning and engaging. The 4 How To slides at the start of the deck will help you get up and running quickly, but for now, let's focus on the template itself. The Sidebar Title template is a feast for the eyes, with its dark orange background featuring high resolution images of steamer baskets, steam cookers, and various vegetables. The layout is clean and simple, making it easy to read and understand. The @ Pictures With Captions Layout slide is particularly noteworthy, as it allows you to include captions directly into your slides a feature that will enhance the overall user experience. The Sidebar Title template is the perfect starting point for any presentation that requires a touch of elegance and sophistication. Whether you're creating a gourmet themed presentation or simply need a stylish design to get you started, this template has got you

Presentation with steam - Slides featuring old steam locomotive background and a tawny brown colored foreground

Old Steam Locomotive Background Wall

The rich history of the world is full of iconic landmarks and machines that once roamed the earth, leaving behind a legacy of steel, strength, and innovation. From ancient civilizations to modern day marvels, these structures have stood the test of time, inspiring awe and admiration in all who lay eyes on them. Imagine stepping into a world where you can explore the majesty of old steam locomotives, their intricately detailed carriages and gleaming steel bodies transporting passengers across continents. The background image is an exquisite high resolution photo, featuring the majestic outline of a vintage locomotive against a dramatic sunset sky. This setting provides the perfect backdrop for your presentation. The Wide Title "Railway Revival" features stunning graphics that evoke a sense of adventure and discovery. Its modern font with bold edges adds a touch of sophistication, while its background image showcases an impressive 16:9 aspect ratio, creating a cinematic experience. The railway theme is clearly evident in the template's design, with subtle nods to traditional locomotives and freight cars. This high resolution image is sure to feature prominently on any presentation or landing page, offering a striking visual representation of your content. Its inclusion can enhance the overall impact of your presentation by creating an immersive experience for users. The railway theme lends itself perfectly to presentations that focus on transportation, industry, and innovation. Imagine using this template as a starting point to create a comprehensive resource center on the world's most iconic trains. The template's compatibility with Google Slides makes it easy to incorporate high quality images from around the globe, allowing you to showcase a diverse range of railway related content.

Presentation with steam - PPT layouts having boiling-water-and-hot-steam background and a light blue colored foreground

Boiling Water Hot Steam Venting

PPT layouts having boiling water and hot steam venting from caldeira grande in the small town of furnas sao miguel island in azores portugal

Presentation with steam - Slide set consisting of close-up-of-steam-smoke background and a dark gray colored foreground

Close Up Steam Smoke Black

The powerpoint template Sidebar Title is designed to transport you to a mystical world where magic and innovation converge in the heart of a studio. To start, imagine yourself standing amidst a dense fog, surrounded by towering skyscrapers that seem to stretch up to the sky, as if they're being pulled towards the horizon. The air is thick with the smell of pollution, but amidst this toxic landscape, a glimmer of hope shines through a beacon of creativity and progress. The Midnight Blue color palette serves as the perfect backdrop for this epic journey, evoking feelings of mystery and adventure. This stunning template features high resolution images that will transport you to otherworldly realms, such as featuring a close up of steam smoke on a black background, creating an immersive experience that draws you in. The Sidebar Title template is compatible with Google Slides and features the following keywords: magic, studio, mixing, pollution, space. It's the perfect solution for anyone looking to enhance their presentation with a unique and captivating design. This template is not just a backdrop; it's a feature including a background with vibrant colors and textures that will elevate your slides to new heights. Having a theme of innovation, it's Enhanced With cutting edge features like Gears in Sync Layout, allowing you to create dynamic transitions and animations that showcase your creativity.

Presentation with steam - PPT layouts consisting of boiling-water-and-hot-steam background and a light blue colored foreground

Boiling Water Hot Steam Venting

PPT layouts consisting of boiling water and hot steam venting from caldeira grande in the small town of furnas sao miguel island in azores portugal

Presentation with steam - Presentation theme with smoke-over-black-background-fog background and a black colored foreground

Smoke Over Black Background Fog

Presentation theme with smoke over black background fog or steam abstract texture background

Presentation with steam - Presentation theme featuring smoke-over-black-background-fog background and a black colored foreground

Smoke Over Black Background Fog

The darkness descends like a velvet curtain, shrouding the studio in an air of mystery and anticipation. As the fog swirls, images of smoke waft through the space, creating a haze that seems to thicken with every passing moment. The steel blue color palette, reminiscent of a clear summer sky, provides a sense of calm amidst the suspense, while the background images add a touch of drama to each slide. The template's high resolution features 4 stunning pictures that will transport your audience to another world. On one side, you could include a dramatic image of a firework exploding in the night sky, accompanied by the caption "Breathe In: The Flame" Featuring an intricate collage of flames and sparks against a deep blue background, giving it an enhanced feel. Meanwhile, on the other side, a serene shot of fog rolling in over a misty landscape could be paired with the theme "Escape to Another World". Have a Theme of 'Stellar Wonder' to draw inspiration from, incorporating stunning astronomical images that evoke a sense of awe and curiosity. The caption for this slide could read "Breathe Out: Into the Unknown" Including an image of a starry night sky complete with shooting stars and planets floating in mid air. As you delve into the template's features, you'll notice how it seamlessly integrates pictures and text to create a visually stunning presentation that complements its steel blue color palette. With a theme of 'Enhanced Wonder', this template will transport your audience on an unforgettable journey through the vast expanse of space and time.

Presentation with steam - Presentation featuring smoke-over-black-background-fog background and a wine colored foreground

Smoke Over Black Background Fog

Presentation featuring smoke over black background fog or steam abstract texture

Presentation with steam - Presentation featuring smoke-over-black-background-fog background and a black colored foreground

Smoke Over Black Background Fog

As you glance at the Corner Title template design, you can't help but feel a sense of excitement and anticipation. The sleek steel blue color palette perfectly captures the essence of a cutting edge studio where creativity knows no bounds. This template is specifically designed to transport you to a world of suspense and intrigue, featuring high resolution images that will leave your audience breathless. The beautiful fog or steam abstract texture adds an otherworldly quality to the overall design. To enhance your presentation, this template includes a downloadable version compatible with Google Slides, allowing you to tailor it to your unique needs. The Corner Title template features four how to slides at the start of the deck, but don't worry, these are just building blocks to get you started quickly. Each slide is designed to take advantage of AIDA Block Layout, making it easy to create a engaging and informative presentation. Imagine presenting a project that requires visual storytelling, with fog swirling around your subject matter, creating an immersive experience for your audience. Featuring beautiful space inspired visuals, this template allows you to craft a compelling narrative that will leave your viewers spellbound. Including a background with subtle texture and featuring high resolution images that evoke the feeling of being in a futuristic world it's a must have for any presentation that requires visual interest. Having a theme of abstract graphics, this template provides a visually striking backdrop for showcasing your thoughts and ideas. Enhanced with a sophisticated steel blue color palette, this design is sure to impress your audience. As you dive into the details, you'll notice the inclusion of a downloadable version compatible with Google Slides, allowing you to tailor the presentation exactly to your needs. Whether you're a seasoned presenter or just starting out, this template is designed to help you create an engaging and effective presentation that leaves a lasting impression on your audience.

Presentation with steam - Slides with smoke-over-black-background-fog background and a black colored foreground

Smoke Over Black Background Fog

Slides with smoke over black background fog or steam abstract texture

▼Key features of this template

  • They are compatible with both PowerPoint and Google Slides running on either Windows PCs or Macs.

  • They are available in both standard and widescreen slide formats. You can choose your preferred format by clicking on the "Widescreen" check box or icon.

  • Each template includes a beautiful high-resolution background image or video to visually reinforce the theme of your presentation.

  • In addition, each template includes designer-created graphics and modern fonts to give your presentations an up-to-date, professional look.

  • Each template's default design and title text position have been carefully selected to complement its background without covering faces or other key elements.

  • All text includes backdrops whose transparency level is mathematically calculated to maximize text readability while still allowing the background to be seen.

  • And all the text, text backdrops and graphics in every slide are colored with a palette designed to beautifully complement the colors in the background.

  • Our Premium templates (those with the descriptor “Premium” in their subtitle) include over 64 slide layouts to give you maximum flexibility as you create your presentations.

    • Those layouts are available to you whenever you create a new slide or when you want to change the layout of an existing slide.
    • They include everything you need to make all sorts of presentations. In addition to the layouts for the title slide and the usual title and content slide, they include many other layouts for slide types including table of contents slides, org charts, charts, diagrams, infographics, photo slides, thank you slides and more.
    • While creating these layouts our template designers have ensured that all text in every layout adjusts as gracefully as possible to various numbers of words.

  • Customizable templates (those with the descriptor “Customizable” in their subtitle) may be easily modified online before you download them.

    • To modify them, simply click on the pencil editing icon, then select your choice of ready to go designs and title text positions.
    • The editing tool also makes it easy to reposition and scale the background image or video to best suit your needs.

▼FAQs

Please review these FAQs to see if your question is answered. Contact us for more info

  • What is a PowerPoint template?

    • A well designed PowerPoint template is a file that can tell PowerPoint how to make your ordinary templates look extraordinary. They won’t change what your words or numbers say. But they might change their size, color, font and placement. And, overall, they can give your presentations a professionally-designed look that will give your content more credibility and give you more confidence.

  • How many PowerPoint templates do you offer?

    • We have over 32,000 artist-created presentation templates in our PowerPlugs collection With a subscription, PowerPlugs templates are easy to download. Just sign in, find a template and click on the green Download button. ready for you to download. That alone offers you more variety to choose from than any of our competitors can offer. And, as if that weren’t enough, we also offer over 6 million templates in our Crystal collection. Crystal brand templates are our line of templates that have customization options. They have the word "CRYSTAL" on their web page images. You can customize several aspects of the templates. These templates include high-resolution background images from Shutterstock’s vast image collection matched up with artist-created presentation designs customized by our own proprietary AI software.

  • How many templates can I download as a subscriber?

    • You can download an unlimited number of PowerPlugs-brand With a subscription, PowerPlugs templates are easy to download. Just sign in, find a template and click on the green Download button. templates every day for an entire year. (Actually, by default, we set a limit of 25 templates per day to prevent our competitors from stealing our templates. But, if that is not enough, just let us know and we’ll try to accommodate you.) On top of that, with a subscription or an Ultimate Combo, you can also download any 50 Crystal-brand Crystal brand templates are our line of templates that have customization options. They have the word "CRYSTAL" on their web page images. You can customize several aspects of the templates. templates per year selected from our huge Crystal collection. Crystal brand templates are our line of templates that have customization options. They have the word "CRYSTAL" on their web page images. You can customize several aspects of the templates. .

  • Why should I choose your templates instead of the competition’s?

    • We’ve got a larger selection of professionally-designed PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world.
    • Each template includes a high-resolution background image or video to visually inspire your audiences while reinforcing your message.
    • Each template includes 64 slide layouts to give you maximum flexibility as you create your presentations.
    • Our templates are available in both standard and widescreen slide formats. And our website lets you preview the slides each way.
    • Our free Template Finder™ plugin lets subscribers select and - with a single click - download and insert our templates into their presentations right from within PowerPoint.
    • We’ve been creating designer presentation templates for over 20 years. During that time we’ve won several awards and 5-star ratings for product quality. See About Us for more.

  • Do you offer a money-back guarantee?

    • Yes we do! We offer full 30-day money-back guarantee if you are not 100% satisfied with your purchase.

  • Can I still use my downloaded templates after my subscription runs out?

    • Yes. After your subscription expires, you won't lose any rights or ability to use your PowerPlugs: Templates for PowerPoint. You won't be able to download any new non-watermarked templates. But the non-watermarked templates you've already downloaded will still work and you can still use them as before.

  • Can I share my downloaded templates or passwords with friends or coworkers?

    • Sorry but no. You are authorized to download each paid-for template to up to 3 of your personal devices and to use the templates you download in as many presentations as you want. But you are not authorized to share the templates, themselves, with others. That said, we do offer highly discounted site licenses to suit the needs of both small and large teams. Just tell us your needs and we’ll give you a quote!

  • System requirements:

    • The templates use the standard POTX format. So they are compatible with Google Slides and all PC, Mac and mobile devices running any version of PowerPoint from PowerPoint 2007 up through and including Office 365 desktop.
    • Please note: Google Slides does not currently support background videos. It treats them as still images.
    • For PowerPoint for the Web, first open your template into a desktop version of PowerPoint, then save it back out as a PPTX file. Then you can open that in PowerPoint for the Web.

  • How will I get my purchased templates?

    • You may download your selected templates as soon as your payment is received by PayPal. If you purchased an individual template, you will be provided with a download link both onscreen and via email. Just click on that link to begin the download process. If you purchased a subscription, you will receive an email containing a password to use along with your email address to sign in to any of the templates pages on CrystalGraphics.com. Once you are signed in, you can immediately start downloading your selected templates.

  • How do I use my templates after I download them?

    • You can either open a template to start a new presentation or you can add a template to an existing presentation. To open a template, just double click on it or use PowerPoint's File > Open tool. To add a template to an existing presentation, on the Design tab, in the Themes group, click Browse for Themes... then browse to select your template.

View more Steam templates:

previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 next
Categories related to Steam:
Generator Turbine
93% of Fortune 1000
companies use our
PowerPoint Products Templates Secure

Standing Ovation Award
Winner: Best PowerPoint
Template Collection Fortune Logos
200,000+ satisfied
customers worldwide! Guarantee
100% satisfaction guaranteed
- or send it back for a refund!

Sign up for our free newsletter! You'll get news about our PowerPoint-enhancing product line – including free updates, new product announcements and exclusive special offers. Plus you'll get a link to a free PowerPoint template with every newsletter you receive.
Privacy Policy
Loading...


Help

Contact Us
Product FAQs
Product License Agreements

Company Info

About Us
Privacy Policy
CrystalGraphics, Inc. 1999 S. Bascom Avenue Suite 700 Campbell, CA 95008 USA
© 2026 CrystalGraphics, Inc. All rights Reserved.    |     PowerPlugs is a trademark of CrystalGraphics, Inc.
Microsoft and the PowerPoint logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.